| History
of the bioethics in the Republic Moldova
Vitalii
OJOVANU,
Ph.D.
in philosophy, Chair of Philosophy and Bioethics, State university of medicine
and pharmacology Testimiteanu
REPUBLIC
OF MOLDOVA: THE ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF BIOETHICS
The
first ideas concerning bioethics penetrated in our Republic, as well as
in USSR in general, in 1980s. But the real development of bioethics in
Moldova starts in early 1990s. If we compare this development with the
development of the bioethics in western countries we can see that our Republic
started late only in the last decade of the 20th century. This is the
first stage of the development of the bioethics on this territory.
During
the first stage the problems of the bioethics were practically ignored,
because of many social perturbations such as the collapse of URSS, independence,
the war in Transnistria, etc. But in spite of everything a small group
of scientists kept on studying the possibility of the development of the
bioethics in Moldova.
The
second stage was between 1995-1999. We should mention, that the circumstances
were so, that the center of the establishment and of the development of
the bioethics in Moldova became the chair of philosophy (since 1999 the
chair of philosophy and bioethics State University of medicine and pharmacology
Testimiteanu). The initiator of the dissemination of the idea of the bioethics
in Moldova was the Director of the Chair of Philosophy, professor, Teodor
N. TIRDEA, who created the base for the implementation of the bioethics
in different fields of activity, especially in science and study. A great
influence had the lections of the Italian professor Pietro KAVAZIN director
of an Institute concerning bioethics in Italy, with the headquarters in
Venice. Acknowledging his impact, our university awarded him the title
of Doctor honoris causa in 2001.
Based
on our Chair, 10 international scientific conferences have been organized
since 1995. There we discussed the problems concerning bioethics, as well
as some theoretical and philosophical topics, closely linked to the bioethics.
On this stage a block of themes on bioethics were introduced in the list
of obligatory subjects to several faculties, such as: medical, stomatological,
pharmaceutical. The thematic of this block is also present in the program
of one-year course for the examination for Ph.D. on Philosophy of science
and techniques. The problems of theoretical and clinical bioethics are
regarded from competent scientific positions.
The
turning point in the development of the bioethics in Moldova was the year
1999, when the chair of Philosophy was reorganized and converted to the
Chair of Philosophy and Bioethics. The third, and the most fruitful stage
of the development of the bioethics in Moldova has begun.
A
new subject was created Philosophy and bioethics, which is the basic,
but not the only, discipline of our course. At the same time, since 1999,
Teodor TINDREA has been teaching bioethics at the faculty of philosophy
(Moldavian State University) and in the Institute of Real Sciences of the
Republic of Moldova.
The
collective of the professors of the chair led by Teodor TINDREA becomes
the main scientific, learning and methodical-practical center of development
of the bioethics in Moldova.
During
this stage we can mention the enlargement of different forms of activity:
The growing of the block concerning the bioethics for students, doctorates,
residents(which means for medical specialization after receiving the diploma
of the University of Medicine);
The introduction of the bioethics in the education of the medical stuff
in the different medical institutions of the Republic
The publication of different manuals and other didactic materials;
The enlargement of the thematic of research
Regular organization of Round Tables, where the specialists in gynecology,
transplant science, reanimation science, intensive therapy, genetics, psychiatry,
etc.
The students become more and more interested in bioethics through the participation
in the students philosophical workshop;
New relations with international partners, through the participation on
international conferences and scientific forums(Bucharest, May 2002; Vilnius,
November 2002; Zagreb, July 2003; Kiev, September 2004, etc ).
At
the same time, we have some events, such as:
The organization on the base of the Chair of Philosophy and Bioethics of
a postgraduate course on bioethics, which means of a master course Bioethics
(since 1999), after which the student is awarded the diploma of the Master
in Bioethics;
The opening of a post-graduate course in the framework of the Chair of
Bioethics(since 2003);
The creation of the Association on bioethics of the Republic of Moldova(16
march 2001);
The creation of the National Commission on Ethics for medical control of
medicine in the framework of Ministry of Health of Moldova (14 January
2002);
The creation of the National Center of bioethics in the Republic of Moldova
( 2005 ), with the help of the National Commission for UNESCO in the Republic
of Moldova
In October 2001, the first defense of dissertation on bioethics took place
professor of the Chair, Ms Rodica GRAMMA;
The publication of the first manual concerning the bioethics in Moldova
Philosophy and bioethics: history, personalities, paradigms Chisinau,
2000 (in Romanian language)
The publication of the first manual in Russian language Philosophy with
a course of bioethics, Chisinau 2002.
The publication of an original dictionary Dictionary of Philosophy and
bioethics, Chisinau 2004 (in Romanian language);
The organization of 10 presentations on Radio and Television, concerning
the specifics and the content of bioethical knowledge;
In 2004, for the first time in major medical institutions was introduced
the post of specialist of bioethics (the first was Rodica GRAMMA Chisinau
hospital Nr.1)
There
are more achievements and successes, but the most important during this
stage was the foundation of Scientific School of Bioethics, the gist of
which is represented by the stuff of our chair.
II
The
primary directions of the development of the bioethics in Moldova are:
I.
The development of the educational process in the field of the bioethics
II.
Practical activities
III.
Scientific activity
I.
An important part of educational activity is the improvement of the educational
programs: for students, aspirants, physicians, willing to raise their qualification,
medical stuff of the medical institutions. For example, in the educational
program Philosophy and Bioethics, which is planned for 2 semesters (136
hours), the section Bioethics consists of 10 themes (50 hours), including
lections and seminars.
Different
aspects of bioethics are contained in other subject, taught at our Chair:
History and philosophy of culture, The culture of communications, The
doctrines of European Integration. From now on, the course of bioethics
will be a subject apart during the last year of study.
II.
Practical activities presuppose varied activities:
The organization of different seminars and lections in medical institutions;
The organization of TV channels and Radio;
The presentation of the books;
The exchange of the information with foreign organizations, which work
in the field of bioethics;
Permanent consultations for the directors of medical institutions, pharmacies,
laboratories, concerning the problems of the documentation and the creation
of the committees on bioethics;
The elaboration and the improvement of the acts, norms, legislative activity
Was created the exemplary regulation for all the Committees of bioethics
in the hospitals of our Republic.
It
should be mentioned that the Association on bioethics of Moldova, National
Center on Bioethics of Moldova, , Chair of Philosophy and Bioethics, State
university of medicine and pharmacology Testimiteanu, in collaboration
and with the help of the National Commission for UNESCO in Moldova in 2005
plan the following events:
The creation of a web-site;
The publication of manual and scientific works;
The organization of the seminars in the regions of the Republic;
The organization of the international conferences.
This
year, the 10th-11th March in Minsk Vitalii OJOVANU represented Moldova
on the regional conference for experts in bioethics (international activity
organized by UNESCO and by the Forum of the committees on ethic of CIS
countries).
III.
Scientific activity is carried out in the framework of the Scientific School
of Bioethics , Chair of Philosophy and Bioethics, State university of medicine
and pharmacology Testimiteanu, led by academician, TIRDEA Teodor.
The
Structure of the Scientific School of Bioethics in the Republic of Moldova:
Bioethical
aspects of surviving in the conditions of informational awareness, ecological
awareness of the society coordinator academician Teodor TIRDEA;
Philosophical
problems of the medicine and bioethics conferential Ph.D. Diana NISTREANU
Philosophical
problems of medicine, bioethics and human being conferential Ph.D.
Petr Berlinskii
Medical
axiology and the problems of bioethics conferential Vitalii OJOVANU
Bioethics
and its theoretical and medical aspects conferential Master of Bioethics,
Rodica GRAMMA
The
Globalization and the problems of somatic and spiritual health of the man:
philosophical and bioethical aspects Ph.D. Anatol ESANU
Anthropology:
biological, philosophical and bioethical problems Ph.D. Adriana PALADI
The
role of social and noospherical intellect in the human surviving Ph.D.
Viorica LEANCA
The
groups of political influence as a factor of bioethical and democratic
development Serghei SPRINCEAN
Philosophical
and anthropological aspects of modern bioethics master of bioethics Anna
MARIN
The
principal goals of the scientific activity
Elaboration of bioethical research;
Deepening the research on the theoretical bioethics;
Studying bioethical problems of the medicine (practical bioethics)
The identification of the problems of other disciplines, for which the
development of bioethics represents a catalyst of their show
The creation of a manual instruction on bioethics for doctors, other
specialties
The
most acute problems, met in our activity
The lack of permanent financial sources
The improvement of the relations with governmental organizations and other
organizations
The preparation of a Regulation and the participation in the legislative
activity concerning bioethical expertise:
1.
Clinical and laboratorial research
2.
Clinical activity
3.
Doctor thesis on medicine and biology
III.
We
can conclude that during a relatively short period of time we brought a
great contribution into the dissemination and the introduction of bioethical
knowledge, as well as the research in the field of bioethics. We have accumulated
a great experience.
The
purpose of the National Center of Bioethics is:
1.
Harmonization and coordination of common activities in this field between
the Chair, Association on bioethics and the National Commission for UNESCO
of the Republic of Moldova
2.
The unification of all competent powers on the national level in order
to be able to organize different activities
3.
The real dissemination of bioethical knowledge
4.
The contribution to the implementation of the results in the different
sphere of activity
5.
Coordination of different forms of activity in the field of bioethics on
the national level
COMISIA
NATIONALA A REPUBLICII MOLDOVA
Commission
Nationale de la Republique de Moldova National Commission of the Republic
of Moldova
Str.
A.Corobceanu 24a, MD-2004, Chisinau, Republica Moldova
Tel/fax
3732 23 53 55; 3732 23 52 05 , tel:3732 23 51 89
e-mail:
unesco@moldova.md
Partners
The
State University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Nicolae
Testemitanu
Center
Intercultural Dialogue
National
Center of Bioethics of Republic of Moldova |
